Examining the Challenges and Survival Strategies of the Informal Sector During Covid- 19 Induced Lockdowns and Restrictions in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of COVID-19 induced lockdowns and restrictions on the informal sector in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It assessed the impact, challenges and opportunities brought by the restrictions on the movement of people and the closure of informal economic activities to contain the spread of COVID-19. The study was carried out in Bulawayo central business district (CBD) and Nkulumane high-density suburb. Being a qualitative study, participants were conveniently and purposively selected to meet the research objectives. Data was collected using a questionnaire, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and document analysis. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, precautionary measures were taken into consideration. The researcher and the participants maintained social distance, wore masks, and always used alcohol-based hand sanitisers where contact was necessary. However, other innovative data collection methods, such as mobile phones, were employed, particularly with key informants. The study results reveal that the COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions brought more harm than good to the informal sector—their incomes and livelihoods were disrupted. However, the informal business operators employed several strategies that enabled them to survive the lockdown periods, although some were against the rules and regulations of lockdown. The study recommends that concerted efforts to cushion informal traders from the adverse effects of lockdowns are imperative as many people depend on them. Some of these interventions include social security packages, availing structures that can help prevent the transmission of viruses from customers and traders, and psychosocial support.