Examining human-wildlife conflict and management strategies in Indian protected areas: evidence from Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve

Abstract

ABSTRACT The study examines the trends and patterns of human-wildlife conflict and explores stakeholders’ perceptions toward management strategies in the Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, India. The study used a mixed “methods” research approach. Human-wildlife conflict quantitative data was analyzed using a trend line approach. Grounded Theory and thematic analysis were used to analyze local households (n = 150), park employees (n = 20), and eco-development committees (n = 10) interviews content. The results revealed a significant decline in human casualties, cattle depredation, and crop damage, possibly attributed to strategies like awareness programs, electric fencing, and alternative livelihoods. The study found no significant evidence of retaliatory wildlife killing by locals. Although human-wildlife conflict has declined significantly due to existing management strategies, the thematic analysis highlights serious challenges, including inadequate funding, insufficient compensation, and limited local participation in alternative livelihoods. These challenges need to be addressed urgently for the sustainable management of conflict.