Examining HPV- and HPV vaccine-related cognitions and acceptability among US-born and immigrant hispanics and US-born and immigrant non-Hispanic Blacks: a preliminary catchment area study.

Abstract

Disparities in HPV vaccination exist. Therefore, we investigated the distinction and disparities in HPV- and HPV vaccine-related cognitions and acceptability among US-born African Americans (AA) and Black immigrants, and between US-born Latinas and Latina immigrants. Secondary data analyses were conducted with 383 female adults divided into non-Hispanic Blacks-(1) AA born in the US (n = 129) and (2) Black immigrants (n = 53), and Hispanics-(3) Latinas born in the US (n = 57) and (4) Latina immigrants (n = 144). HPV-related cognitions are assessed by measuring HPV-related knowledge and HPV vaccine-related awareness, beliefs, accessibility, and acceptability. Black and Latina immigrants were less likely to know where they can get/refer for HPV vaccine (p = .007) than their US-born counterparts. Latina immigrants were less likely to have heard of HPV vaccine (p = .033), know where they can get more information about HPV vaccine (p = .045), and know where they can get/refer for HPV vaccine (p = .001) than US-born Latinas. Both immigrant groups (Black: p = .046; Latina: p = .044) were more likely to report cost concerns than their counterparts. US-born AA were the least likely to endorse HPV vaccine safety (31.0%) and efficacy (39.7%), whereas US-born Latinas endorsed efficacy (63.2%) but less safety (44.6%). Overall, vaccine acceptability was low across all groups. Group disparities in HPV vaccine cognitions emerged, but they all had notable HPV vaccine acceptability (safety and efficacy) barriers. HPV vaccine safety and efficacy were highly unfavorable in US-born AA. The HPV vaccine safety concerns are demonstrated with only 31-54% reporting that the "HPV vaccine is safe"-potentially increasing their risk of HPV vaccine negation. With regards to HPV vaccine efficacy, only 40-63% of this study population endorsed HPV vaccine efficacy. Additionally, immigrants reported greater HPV vaccine cost barriers and healthcare access concerns-increasing their risk for HPV vaccine naiveté. Therefore, our findings on HPV vaccine cognitions and acceptability can inform targeted strategies to increase vaccination among US and immigrant Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks who are at elevated risk for HPV-related cancers.