Abstract
The use of parameterization in assessing gait waveforms has been widely accepted, although it is recognized that this approach excludes the majority of information contained in the waveform. Waveform analysis techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), have gained popularity in recent years as a more effective approach to extracting important information from human movement waveforms, but are more challenging to interpret. Few studies have compared these two different approaches to determine which yields the most relevant information. This study compared the kinematic patterns during gait of six total knee arthroplasty (TKA) subjects (10 TKA knees), to a group of 10 age-matched asymptomatic control subjects (19 control knees). An eight-camera Vicon M-cam system was used to track movement and compute joint angles. Group differences in parameterization (max and min peaks) values and principal component scores were tested using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Using parameterization, the TKA group was characterized by reduced hip extension, increased hip flexion, increased anterior pelvic tilt, increased trunk tilt, and reduced sagittal ankle angles compared to the control group. Waveform analysis, by means of PCA, showed-magnitude shifts in sagittal ankle waveforms between groups, rather than solely reporting differences in peaks. Waveform analysis also indicated a significant shift in the magnitude of the entire waveform for hip angles, pelvic tilt, and trunk tilt, indicating no change in range of motion between groups, but rather a change in the way in which range of motion is achieved at the hip. This study has identified several gait variables that were significantly different between the TKA and control groups. Our results suggest that waveform analysis is effective at identifying magnitude shifts as sources of variability between groups, which would not necessarily be analyzed using conventional parameterization techniques unless one knew a priori where the variability would exist.
Highlights
Each year a growing number of knee replacements are performed in Canada, representing a 141% increase from 1997 to 2007 (Canadian Joint Replacement Registry)
The total knee arthroplasty (TKA) group was characterized by reduced hip extension, increased hip flexion, increased anterior pelvic tilt, increased trunk tilt, and reduced sagittal ankle angles compared to the control group
This study indicates that gait patterns of TKA subjects differ significantly from a control group, based on hip flexion and extension, pelvic and trunk tilt, and sagittal ankle angle
Summary
Each year a growing number of knee replacements are performed in Canada, representing a 141% increase from 1997 to 2007 (Canadian Joint Replacement Registry). When non-surgical interventions such as rest, weight loss, and medication fail, knee arthroplasty is performed in an attempt to reduce pain and recover range of motion. Knee arthroplasty consists of totally or partially replacing the femoral condyles and the articulating surfaces on the tibia with prosthetic devices. The Canadian Joint Replacement Registry (2009-10) indicates that the majority (95%) of knee replacements are characterized by total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This procedure consists of replacing both femoral condyles and their articulating surfaces on the tibia
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