Abstract

This study set out to explore dedicated language learning apps pedagogically while focusing mainly on aspects of second language acquisition. A total of 20 English language learning apps were collected for analysis. The study took one model of analysing course book materials and another, computer-assisted language learning model and combined them into one analytical framework with bespoke criteria, ensuring the analysis was most suitable for our case. The analytical framework which was developed reached a number of conclusions about dedicated language learning apps (DLLAs). The findings revealed that DLLAs tend to provide mechanical forms-focused practice without facilitating collaborative learning nor focusing on developing users’ communicative competence, which suggests that DLLAs reflect a behaviouristic view of language learning. The conclusion offers some suggestions to improve DLLAs and proposes that, for the time being, educators should look beyond DLLAs and instead investigate how can apps that are not designed for language learning (generic apps) be used in the manner of DLLAs to avoid the issues that this paper identifies with them.

Highlights

  • Since the advent of the internet in the late 1990’s, technology has changed the way in which humans communicate and interact with one another

  • For the sake of this paper, a new acronym will be introduced as dedicated language learning apps which will be defined as: standalone apps with pre-packed pedagogical approach built into it and it can be used without the presence of an educator

  • Twitter can be used as a language learning activity This paper is primarily concerned with apps that are designed for language learning, hereafter referred to as Dedicated Language Learning Apps (DLLAs) standalone apps with pre-packed pedagogical approach built into it and it can be used without the presence of an educator

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Summary

Introduction

Since the advent of the internet in the late 1990’s, technology has changed the way in which humans communicate and interact with one another. There have been many attempts to innovate in language learning through technology, beginning with computer-assisted language learning (CALL). Little research has been conducted on the latter to find what these language learning apps offer from a second language acquisition perspective. There are several studies that examined language learning apps and MALL in general. Bruston (2014) & Kerr (2014) research papers included the technical aspect of the apps in addition to pedagogy in their review which seemed, according to the papers, not the main problem with language learning apps. Rather it is the pedagogy which is lacking and needs more research on.

Historical Development in Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Structural CALL
Open CALL
Integrative CALL
Dedicated Language Learning Apps
Second Language Acquisition Theories
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Inputism
Interactionism
Socio-Constructivism
Relevant Research
App Collection
The Analytic Framework for DLLAs
Language Skill Focus
Scaffolding Tools in DLLAs
Collaborative Learning
DLLAs Focus and Operation
DLLAs CALL Approach
DLLAs SLA Approach
Communicative DLLA
Findings
The Future of DLLAs
Full Text
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