Examining Cognitive-Based Stress Management Interventions in Private Sector Workplaces

Abstract

Objective: Review literature regarding the efficacy of stress management interventions in the private sector workplace. As stress is deemed to have a cognitive variable, the paper focuses exclusively on interventions that had a cognitive-based program. This is the first review paper to examine the private sector workplace exclusively. Method: Search from 2000 to date for any studies evaluating cognitive-based stress management interventions in the private sector workplace. Studies can include either an in-person/group delivery or individual/via web delivery. Sixteen studies were identified. Results: There is high heterogeneity across the studies in demographics, design, population samples, and program length. Except for one study, all programs showed medium to high significance effect sizes on the primary measure of reduced perception of stress. A select number of studies showed greater increases at six months+ follow-up data collection points. There was no consistent data regarding whether online or in-person delivery was more effective. Conclusions: Stress management interventions can be a useful tool to provide employees with the cognitive skills required to combat and prevent stress. The choice of the correct tool for the organization’s specific needs may be of significance for efficacy. Thorough consideration of implementation and evaluation of the program is advised for maximum efficacy. With consistent usage of the skills learned, employees may see not only an increase in their stress management skills over time but also an increase in their sense of self-efficacy. Increased self-efficacy may lead to positive improvements in other areas of their life beyond the professional sphere.