Examining client self-exploration in motivational interviewing: Preliminary psychometrics of an observational rating measure

Abstract

PurposeWe examine in-session self-exploration among Latinx heavy drinkers who received a motivational interview (MI) to reduce heavy drinking. The goals of this study are to report the validity and reliability of an adaptation of the Global Client Rating for Self-Exploration from the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code (MISC SE). MethodThe study measured the MISC SE as three subscales (Emotional, Cognitive, New Learning/Developing Discrepancy SE) to assess underlying processes that might allow for higher predictive validity in relation to behavioral change (drinking) outcomes. The study created a dichotomous variable, Personally Relevant Vulnerable Making (PR-VM), to distinguish the disclosure of particularly sensitive material related to drinking behavior. The study used the measure of Everyday Discrimination as a criterion variable for the PR-VM measure. The study collected observationally rated data for n = 158 participants. ResultsSubscales showed moderate correlations with the MISC SE (r = 0.421 to 0.574, p < .001). The MISC SE was not associated with number of drinking days or percent heavy drinking days at 3-month follow-up. Cognitive and New Learning/Developing Discrepancy SE were associated with fewer drinking days (r = −0.247 to −0.266, p < .005), and Cognitive SE was associated with percent heavy drinking days (r = −0.169, p < .05), Subscale interrater reliability was comparable to the MISC SE (ICC = 0.72 to 0.86). The study observed higher mean scores on the Everyday Discrimination scale when session PR-VM was present than when not present (t (df = 118) = −3.02, p < .005). ConclusionsThe subscale adaptation of the SE measure may provide a sensitive approach to understanding how self-exploration relates to behavior change in the context of MI.