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Abstract
To measure regional saturation of oxygen ( rSO 2 ) of hemoglobin and total hemoglobin index (HbI) in the brain (through the molera of the head) and skeletal muscle (musculus gracilis) of conscious Chihuahua dogs using an examiner’s finger-mounted near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device, Toccare, we investigated brain and skeletal muscle NIRS in 48 Chihuahuas without severe disease. To measure rSO 2 and total HbI, a Toccare probe was placed on the molera of the head and musculus gracilis of each dog for real-time recording. Stable NIRS values were obtained within 10 s. We also examined the effect of anesthesia on rSO 2 and total HbI of a Chihuahua. Cerebral rSO 2 values ( 59 % ± 7 % ) were significantly lower than those obtained at femoral regions ( 67 % ± 6 % ), whereas total HbI values in the brain ( 0.38 ± 0.09 ) were significantly higher than those of the musculus gracilis ( 0.20 ± 0.05 ). Sedation with a combination of medetomidine and ketamine decreased cerebral rSO 2 along with a corresponding reduction in heart rate. Sevoflurane anesthesia with 100% O 2 maintained rSO 2 in the brain with a
Highlights
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a unique visualization technology used to measure tissue oxygen saturation of hemoglobin at the capillary level.[1]
The cerebral total hemoglobin index (HbI) (0.38% Æ 0.09%) of the dogs was significantly higher than the femoral total HbI (0.20% Æ 0.05%; P < 0.05)
We compared rSO2 and total HbI between male and female dogs and found no significant differences in those parameters (Table 1)
Summary
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a unique visualization technology used to measure tissue oxygen saturation of hemoglobin at the capillary level.[1]. There are a few reports to evaluate cerebral oxygenation level using canine brain NIRS10 in comparison with human medicine.[1,3]. Astrocytes, pericytes, and capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system constitute a neurovascular unit.[11] Neuronal activity and metabolism are closely related to regulation of the cerebral microcirculation, indicating that brain autoregulation mechanisms play significant roles in maintaining vital functions of the central nervous system.[12] Recently, Kanayama and Niwayama[13] developed an extremely small and mobile NIRS (Toccare, an examiner’s finger-mounted type) that is suitable for human fetuses and neonates, and they were able to noninvasively measure fetal cerebral tissue oxygenation levels.[14] It is very important to determine local brain oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in a conscious condition because sedation and anesthesia decisively affect cerebral circulation and neuronal activity/metabolism.[15]
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