Examination of the Relationship between Parenting Identity and Internalizing Problems: A Preliminary Examination of Gender and Parental Status Differences

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study sought to examine the associations between parental identity commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitments with mental health outcomes (i.e., symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety). Furthermore, the current study examined differences in associations between both current and expecting parents. A diverse cross-sectional sample of 328 current and expectant parents (82.6% female; Mage = 35.36 years; SD = 11.34 years, range 18–76 years) completed an online survey measuring parental identity, depressive symptoms and general anxiety. Consistent with previous literature and our hypothesis, parental identity commitment was negatively associated with generalized anxiety and depression. Additionally, reconsideration of commitment was positively associated with generalized anxiety and depression. In-depth exploration was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety, possibly as a result of lengthy periods of apprehension or questioning of parental identity. No significant difference was found among first-time expecting parents and current parents regarding the association between parental identity processes and mental health outcomes. Findings from this study illustrate the role parental identity has in general adult adaptation and shows the importance of mental health prevention and intervention programs for current and expecting parents.