Examination of the Relation Between Periodontal Disease Indices and Self-Reported Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the current retrospective investigation was to research possible relationships between periodontal disease parameters and self-reported coronary heart disease in a sample of Greek out-patients of a neurosurgery clinic. Material and methods: The sample of the study was consisted of 1,260 participants, 660 females and 600 males aged 45 to 75 years. An oral clinical examination and a self-administered structure questionnaire were used for data collection. Multivariate regression analysis model was used in order to assess possible associations between coronary heart disease as dependent variable and epidemiological variables, serum biomarkers and periodontal disease indices such as plaque index, clinical attachment loss, probing pocket depth and gingival index, as independent variables. Results: The presence of hypertension [OR= 2.77, 95% CI= 1.10-5.80], the high level of cholesterol [OR= 8.72, 95% CI= 4.10-13.53], the low income level [OR= 1.90, 95% CI= 0.45-2.79], the high level of C-reactive protein [OR= 3.96, 95% CI= 1.70-7.15], the severe gingival inflammation [OR= 2.17, 95% CI= 0.64-3.47] and smoking [OR= 2.22, 95% CI= 0.99-4.96] , were significantly correlated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease. Conclusion: The results of the current research confirmed the role of smoking, hypertension, high level of C-reactive protein and low income level as risk factors for causing coronary heart disease, while no significant associations were observed between the examined periodontal parameters, such as PPD, CAL and (PlI) and self-reported coronary heart disease apart from gingival inflammation which estimated by gingival index (GI).