Abstract
One of the main environmental pollutants is heavy metals. Due to extensive usage in industry, these metals enter biological cycle rapidly and contaminated water and soil resources rapidly. In this work, lead, copper, zinc and chromium of Bandar Abbas wastewater are examined. For this research, nine stations were set for measurement in urban level in Bandar Abbas and sampling of aforesaid metals was performed in fall and winter 2006 in these stations. After extraction and preparation operations using APDC-MIBK, samples were measured using flame atomic absorption system. According to results, concentrate of studied metals was lower than allowable standard value set by Iran environmental protection organization for agricultural purposes and sewage to ground level waters. In addition, efficiency of Bandar Abbas wastewater treatment plant to remove these metals is 40% - 70% from which highest removal is for zinc as much as 71.1% and lowest level is for copper as much as 40.5%. However, copper level was higher than allowable level for agricultural purposes in spring and summer (0.21 mg/L and 0.23 mg/L, respectively) and lower in fall and winter (0.103 mg/L and 0.098 mg/L, respectively). Furthermore, changes in concentration of metals in these stations in various seasons were measured and analyzed using one-way variance analysis and simultaneous effects of time and place on measured variables were analyzed using two-way variance analysis.
Highlights
Necessity of sustainable development is to take care of planet and protect environment either as appropriate care or as sound usage of natural resources
On the other hand, using wastes of wastewater treatment is one of the valuable resources owing to presence of compounds which strengthens soil and water ecosystems and must not be ignored [1]
P-value is calculated in 95% confidence level for chromium, zinc and lead as much as 0.2394, 0.4303 and 0.0781, respectively and since calculated values are higher than 0.05, there is a significant difference between average of results in various seasons
Summary
Necessity of sustainable development is to take care of planet and protect environment either as appropriate care or as sound usage of natural resources. One of the problems which is caused by urban and industrial development is the issue of production of various wastes in the form of solid, semi-solid, liquid or gas and many countries face problems in their management, design, production, utilization and maintenance of systems of collection, treatment and sewage of these wastes and require comprehensive and applied solutions [1] In such circumstances, reuse of wastewater and finding new alternative resources for water for various usages is one of the ways of solving water shortage problem and reuse of wastewater for agricultural, industrial, recreational and feed of underground waters and growing aquatics must be one of the main goals of wastewater treatment projects [2]. The main purpose of this research is explained as follows: 1) Measurement of heavy metals including copper, lead, zinc, nickel and chromium in Bandar Abbas city wastewater. 2) Determination of the quality of outlet wastes of Bandar Abbas wastewater treatment plant with respect to above heavy metals and comparing them with standards of Iran environmental protection organization. 3) Studying the average changes in concentration of heavy metals in various seasons of the year. 4) Examination of the average changes in concentration of heavy metals in various stations (before treatment, inlet and outlet of treatment and stations). 5) Evaluation of the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant for removal of these metals and assessing the feasibility of reuse of refined wastes. 6) Investigation and study of simultaneous effects of time and place on measured variables
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