Examination of Older Females' Grip Characteristics

Abstract

Loss of grip strength due to aging has been widely reported by researchers but other factors may also be influential in age-related hand function declines. For instance, older adults have demonstrated a propensity to orient fingertip forces in a manner different from younger adults. Additionally, a slowing in the maximal rate of force development due to aging has been found in muscle groups ranging from the biceps to the quadriceps. These grip characteristics may independently, or concurrently, affect hand function. Using the Multi-axis (MAP) dynamometer, we evaluated the ability of younger and older adult female participants to rapidly generate a maximal voluntary grip exertion. The maximum grip force, rate of force development (N/sec) and grip force vector orientation were measured. Older female participants had 69% the grip force, 62% the rate of force development, and had grip force vector orientations shifted 5.9 degrees as compared to younger female participants. The ability to use one's hands is critical for completing activities of daily living and retaining independence. The differences in grip characteristics measured in this study may improve our understanding of the loss of function in older adults' hands more than the decline in grip strength alone.