Abstract
The characteristics of the Marangoni effect in a molten pool are investigated by the three-dimensional numerical model. The powder and substrate are the 316L stainless steel used in this work. The heat flux source simulates as the Gaussian distribution in the model of the selective laser melting process. The depth, width, and geometry of the molten pool are discussed by changed laser conditions. Besides, experiments conducted by a powder bed fusion machine of additive manufacturing technology are performed using those same laser parameters to validate the numerical results. After considering the Marangoni effect in the simulation, the shape of the molten pool in the numerical results are found to match closely with the actual shape of the molten pool of the specimen in the experiment. Both the depth and width of the molten pool observed from the experiments and simulations are found to change linearly with the energy density of laser setting. The results reveal the relation between the energy density of the laser and the depth of the molten pool, which helps to determine the target of laser parameters for the experiment.
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