Examination and Forecast of Relationship among Tourism, Environment, and Economy: A Case Study in Shandong Province, China.

Ranran Li,Yan An,Ziyuan Ding

doi:10.3390/ijerph19052581

Abstract

Correctly understanding and handling the relationship of tourism industry, ecological environment, and regional economy is an important prerequisite and foundation for realizing regional ecological protection and high-quality development. Based on the entropy method and the coupling coordination model, this paper conducts quantitative research on the coupling coordination relationship and development law of tourism industry–ecological environment–regional economic (TEE) in various cities in Shandong Province. First, a coupling coordination evaluation system of TEE was constructed to evaluate the comprehensive development level of the three systems in each city in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2017; secondly, based on the coupling coordination model, the relationship among the three systems of each city was analyzed using spatial and temporal dimensions; finally, the gray GM (1, 1) model was used to predict the future coupling coordination degree of the three systems in Shandong Province. The research results show that: (1) the development of the economy and tourism industry of cities in Shandong Province is highly correlated, and the overall trend is increasing. The ecological environment mainly changes first, and then rises. (2) From the perspective of time, the changes in the coupling coordination degree of the three systems are mainly to maintain stability and increase fluctuations, and generally develop in the direction of benign coordination. From a spatial perspective, the coupling coordination degree of the three systems shows significant regional integrity and differences, showing a pattern of high in the east and low in the west. (3) In the next few years, the coupling coordination degree of the three systems will roughly continue the characteristics of changes from 2010 to 2017.

Highlights

Since the beginning of the 21st century, tourism has become one of the strongest and most dynamic industries in global economic activities
Based on the principles of data availability, indicator representativeness, and system relevance, and with reference to relevant research results [23,33,34], centering on the three cores of tourism, environment and economy, starting from the eight dimensions of tourism economic benefit, tourism market scale, tourism industry level, ecological environment resources, ecological environment pollution, ecological environment governance, total economic scale, and economic structure characteristics, 28 one-way indicators are selected in detail, and indicators are taken into consideration
The comprehensive evaluation value of each subsystem of tourism, environment, and economy in Shandong Province is calculated according to Equations (7)–(9), and a line graph of the comprehensive benefit of tourism, economy and environment in Shandong

Summary

Introduction

Since the beginning of the 21st century, tourism has become one of the strongest and most dynamic industries in global economic activities. In 2012, China became the world’s third-largest inbound tourism reception country and outbound tourism consumption country, and the scale of the domestic tourism market ranks first in the world, with nearly. According to the “China Tourism Development Report 2016”, China has formed the world’s largest domestic tourism market. As one of the national strategic pillar industries, tourism has played a significant role in driving the development of related industries, creating job opportunities, and increasing tax revenues [1]. 30 provinces across the country have identified tourism as a strategic pillar industry or advantageous leading industry [2]. While the development of tourism and economy brings huge economic and social benefits, it may cause damage

Methods

Results

Conclusion