Abstract
Helal El-Beah mosque in Egypt was built from many different materials as sandstone, bricks and marble. These building materials were in a bad condition due to many degradation factors, mainly ground water and salt weathering, so many deterioration phenomena were appeared as horizontal and vertical cracks, salts, loss of the Islamic decorations in the fa?ade and mihrab (Prayer niche), detachment of the plaster, biological colonization and featured dark of the stone surface. Prior to the conservation intervention, the building materials were characterized to identify their components. Scientific conservation treatment was carried out for the long-term conservation of the mosque. Conservation operations at the mosque included: repairing and roof insulation, wet and dry cleaning, joining of cracked parts and surface consolidating, replacement of the Portland cement plaster with lime plaster, re-cladding the lower part of the interior brick walls with sandstone tiles, replacement and completion of the stone blocks.
Highlights
The interior plan of this mosque looks like the Ottoman mosques that prevailed in Egyptian territories; it consists of rectangular space 12 × 15 m, divided into three arcades by two rows of marble columns with different crowns carrying semi-circular arches contracts with each other and the walls by wooden boarding joist and the ceiling covered with wooden boarding joist
Lime mortar was used as joint mortar and plaster
Completion the Missing Parts of Decoration Elements During removing the Portland cement mortar and industrial lacquers, we found beautiful Islamic decorations at the entrance of Helal mosque and around the prayer niche, but it was in a bad condition, because of the several decays, some of parts of these elements were lost and deteriorated, so:
Summary
The door lintel, relieving arch and Nafis were surrounded with Player Fret (Geft) with six-memes, above the player fret, slot rectangular window covered with wooden decorations consisted of Polygon (stellar dish) that was uniquely carried out in kind and surrounded by player fret with the six-party memes. As for the rest of the façade, it is clade with stone tiles punctuated by a secondary rectangular entrance topped by lintel, Nafis and relieving arch surrounded by player frit with a six-memes. The interior plan of this mosque looks like the Ottoman mosques that prevailed in Egyptian territories; it consists of rectangular space 12 × 15 m, divided into three arcades by two rows of marble columns with different crowns carrying semi-circular arches contracts with each other and the walls by wooden boarding joist and the ceiling covered with wooden boarding joist. Collapse of large parts of the ceiling of the mosque, especially north arcade (Figure 5(b)) was one of the important (a)
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