Exact results for the dynamics of the classical one dimensional easy plane ferromagnet at low temperatures

Abstract

The in-plane and out-of-plane dynamical correlation functions for the classical one dimensional easy plane ferromagnet are calculated asymptotically exactly at low temperatures. The results are restricted to temperatures much below the crossover temperature at which spins begin aligning in the plane. The long wavelength behavior of the in-plane fluctuations is consistent with dynamical scaling, in contrast to the isotropic case, and agrees with the results of Villain and of Nelson and Fisher. The linewidths for the in-plane fluctuations at short wavelengths are calculated exactly, and approach those of the isotropic model for small anisotropy. The theory of Villain, the theory of Cieplak and Sjolander, and the simulations of Loveluck, Jauslin, Schneider and Stoll all give incorrect results for these linewidths. The out of plane linewidths show an anomalous temperature dependence due to a singularity in the three spin wave density of states that is characteristic of one dimensional systems. The linewidth is proportional toT2 lnT except at the wavevector for which the second derivative of the spin wave frequency with respect to wavevector vanishes (≅π/2 for CsNiF3) where the linewidth is proportional toT5/3. The linewidth has a strong discontinuity as the wavevector increases as a result of a catastrophe occurring in the calculation of the three spin wave density of states. The position and strength of the discontinuity are temperature dependent. The diffusion coefficient is logarithmically dependent on the anisotropy, and diverges as (T2 lnD)−1, which is consistent with the (lnT)−1 behavior predicted for the isotropic ferromagnet in earlier work. The results are derived for the case of single ion anisotropy, using a spin wave theory for static correlations and the spin current damping function, and can be readily extended to the case of anisotropic exchange.