Exact non-Hookean scaling of cylindrically bent elastic sheets and the large-amplitude pendulum

Abstract

A sheet of elastic foil rolled into a cylinder and deformed between two parallel plates acts as a non-Hookean spring if deformed normally to the axis. For large deformations the elastic force shows an interesting inverse square dependence on the interplate distance. This phenomenon was used as the basis for an experimental problem at the 41st International Physics Olympiad. We show that the corresponding variational problem for the equilibrium energy of the deformed cylinder is equivalent to a minimum action description of a simple gravitational pendulum with an amplitude of 90°. We use this analogy to show that the power-law of the force is exact for distances less than a critical value. An analytical solution for the elastic force is found and confirmed by measurements over a range of deformations covering both linear and nonlinear behaviors.