Abstract

We consider a class of geometrically frustrated Heisenberg spin systems which admit exact ground states. The systems consist of suitably coupled antiferromagnetic spin trimers with integer spin quantum numbers s and their ground state Φ will be the product state of the local singlet ground states of the trimers. We provide linear equations for the inter-trimer coupling constants which are equivalent to Φ being an eigenstate of the corresponding Heisenberg Hamiltonian and sufficient conditions for Φ being a ground state. The classical case s → ∞ can be completely analyzed. For the quantum case we consider a couple of examples, where the critical values of the inter-trimer couplings are numerically determined. These examples include chains of corner sharing tetrahedra as well as certain spin tubes. Φ is proven to be gapped in the case of trimer chains. This follows from a more general theorem on quantum chains with product ground states.

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