Abstract
In spite of the vast nutritional and environmental benefits provided by fava bean (Vicia faba), the ingestion of vicine/convicine provokes an acute hemolytic anemia called favism in individuals with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The elimination of these glycosides is a goal that could be accomplished using different processing methods including bacteriological treatment. Laban as a good source of lactic acid bacteria was tested in an ex vivo assay on human blood samples in order to determine its capacity in decreasing the hemolysis crisis induced by the ingestion of fava beans. Results indicate a significant decrease in human blood cell hemolysis after the treatment of fava beans by Laban. This decrease in hemolysis was also correlated with the G6PD deficiency categorization. The highest hemolysis level (mean: 23.11 ± 0.76%) was observed in samples with G6PD activity between 10 and 30%, while the lowest hemolysis level (mean: 5.75 ± 0.64%) was observed in samples with G6PD activity more than 60%. This decrease was correlated with a high antioxidant capacity of Laban (51.61 ± 1.13% expressed by the percentage inhibition of DPPH radical). The counts of isolates from MRS and M17 culture plates were 6.75 ± 0.095 and 7.91 ± 0.061 log cfu ml–1, respectively. In conclusion, the synergy between the antioxidant properties of Laban and the possible decrease of vicine and convicine concentrations by lactobacillus found in the fermented dairy products could explain the ability of Laban to reduce the hemolysis crisis ex vivo.
Highlights
Fava bean (Vicia faba) is a popular crop grown in different climates all around Asia, Europe, and Africa [1]
In spite of these advantages, fava beans contain some antinutritional compounds including two glycosidic aminopyrimidine derivatives, vicine and convicine, which accumulate at maturity and are metabolized into isouramil and divicine upon hydrolysis [3]. ese highly redox proteins rapidly oxidize NADPH and glutathione which are normally detoxified by catalase and glutathione peroxidase, in enzymatic reactions that depend on NADPH [4]
In favism, a disease that results from a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), erythrocytes are susceptible to oxidant stress due to poor antioxidant red cell ability and depletion of glutathione peroxidase and catalase [5]
Summary
Fava bean (Vicia faba) is a popular crop grown in different climates all around Asia, Europe, and Africa [1]. It is an important source of protein and various nutrients such as phytonutrients, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals [2]. Laban is a popular food with a high nutritional value consumed in different areas. It is prepared by the fermentation of milk by lactic acid bacteria [8]. Bovine milk used in the preparation of Laban contains a wide variety
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