Abstract
Current invitro and invivo assays used to study immunotherapeutic interventions lack human immune components that mimic the tumor microenvironment to investigate drug potency and limitations of efficacy. Herein, we describe an exvivo pleural effusion culture (ePEC) assay, using malignant pleural-effusion-derived soluble and cellular factors that differentially affected the cytotoxicity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tcells. Following identification of CAR Tcell-suppressive factors, blocking of individual factors reveals their contribution to compromising Tcell efficacy. ePEC is a human component assay that can be utilized for developing next-generation cell and antibody therapies that counteract immunosuppression.
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