Abstract
Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) was recently proposed for determining electric field distribution during electroporation in which cell membrane permeability is temporary increased by application of an external high electric field. The method was already successfully applied for reconstruction of electric field distribution in agar phantoms. Before the next step towards in vivo experiments is taken, monitoring of electric field distribution during electroporation of ex vivo tissue ex vivo and feasibility for its use in electroporation based treatments needed to be evaluated. Sequences of high voltage pulses were applied to chicken liver tissue in order to expose it to electric field which was measured by means of MREIT. MREIT was also evaluated for its use in electroporation based treatments by calculating electric field distribution for two regions, the tumor and the tumor-liver region, in a numerical model based on data obtained from clinical study on electrochemotherapy treatment of deep-seated tumors. Electric field distribution inside tissue was successfully measured ex vivo using MREIT and significant changes of tissue electrical conductivity were observed in the region of the highest electric field. A good agreement was obtained between the electric field distribution obtained by MREIT and the actual electric field distribution in evaluated regions of a numerical model, suggesting that implementation of MREIT could thus enable efficient detection of areas with insufficient electric field coverage during electroporation based treatments, thus assuring the effectiveness of the treatment.
Highlights
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and nonthermal irreversible electroporation ablation (NTIRE) are potent procedures used in solid tumor treatment
The former was successfully measured by the current density imaging (CDI) method using only the Bz component, while the later was obtained from the CDI data using the Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) J-substitution algorithm
Feasibility of MREIT to use in electroporation based treatments such as electrochemotherapy and nonthermal irreversible electroporation ablation was evaluated using numerical modeling on a recently reported case
Summary
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and nonthermal irreversible electroporation ablation (NTIRE) are potent procedures used in solid tumor treatment. NTIRE is promising ablation method for nonmalignant tissues. ECT and NTIRE, rely on cell membrane electroporation, a process which increases cell membrane permeability due to externally applied electric field [1,2,3]. ECT combines electroporation with the use of chemotherapeutic drugs, which exhibit higher cytotoxicity when they are combined [4,5,6,7]. In NTIRE the extensive membrane electroporation alone leads to a loss of cell homeostasis and to cell death [9,10]
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