Abstract
Ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Such ex situ work is an increasingly important component of conservation and restoration efforts. Its primary objective is to support conservation by ensuring the survival of threatened species and the maintenance of associated genetic diversity. To do so, ex situ institutions preserve the genetic or reproductive material of target species, or take care of the living target species for the purpose of reintroduction. Ex situ conservation measures should support in situ conservation measures. Organized ex situ conservation activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) started in the middle of the last century. Activities were stopped during the 1990s because of the civil war, and then after 2000, the ex situ conservation of species continued. Ex situ cultures in BiH are established within arboreta, live archives, provenance tests, progeny tests, seed orchards and clone tests.
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