Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Sektörel Açıdan İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği

Abstract

As a result of the increase in environmental problems and economic growth, Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis has been developed to analyze the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation indicators. The aim of this study is to examine the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis according to the sector in the 1998-2018 period in the range of validity in Turkey. Upon examination of the literature on the Environmental Kuznets Curve, a study examining the sectors together could not be found. For this reason, the findings of our study which we obtained as a result of testing the validity of the hypothesis and determining the relationship structure will be a valuable source for other empirical studies. Thus , after determining the stagnation of economic growth and carbon dioxide emission series for the sectors, the relationship between them was examined with ARDL models. Since no relation could be determined for the agriculture and industry sectors within the sectors examined, it was seen that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis was not valid for these sectors within the period in question range. Although the hypothesis is valid in the energy and waste sectors, it was determined that the relationship structure between pollution indicator and economic growth is U-shaped. The validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis was confirmed as the relationship structure that can be seen between the economy and pollution. In empirical studies in the literature, it can be observed that various relationship structures such as inverse-U, N, and inverse-N are detected between economic growth and the indicator of pollution. The results differ because the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is still in the observation phase. The results obtained in our study are important in terms of being a source for future studies. In addition to this, it is possible to examine the sub-sectors of the relevant sectors in the studies targeted to be carried out on a sectoral basis.