Evolving self-image, pubertal manifestations, and pubertal hormones: Preliminary findings in young adolescent girls

Abstract

Purpose: Recent studies indicate that negative self-image increases in white females during early adolescence. This study was designed to examine the effects of physical and hormonal change during puberty on evolving self-image. Methods: The study sample consisted of 54 girls aged 10–14 yrs (mean 12.2 ± 0.9). Evaluations at baseline and one-year follow-up included the Self-Image Questionnaire for Young Adolescents (SIQYA), physical examination, and assays of serum FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, and DHEAS. Tanner stage was assessed separately for breast and pubic hair, and the girls were classified as early-, mid-, or late-maturers for each. Results: Pearson correlations between baseline and follow-up scores on the nine SIQYA scales ranged from 0.28–0.72 (P < 0.05); three scales demonstrated declining function (P < 0.05). At baseline, 39 girls (72%) were pre-menarcheal compared to 27 (50%) at follow-up. Mean body mass index (BMI) increased from 18.62 ± 2.38 to 19.01 ± 1.84 (P < 0.001), Tanner stages each increased by one, and pubertal timing did not change. LH and testosterone increased (P < 0.05) over the year, DHEAS decreased (P < 0.01), and FSH and estradiol did not change. Stepwise linear regression revealed that change in breast stage was positively correlated with change in Body Image score and change in Adjustment score (beta weights 0.46 and 0.41, respectively). Change in testosterone was negatively correlated with change in Adjustment score (beta weight of −0.46). After controlling for baseline score, change in breast stage was positively correlated and FSH was negatively correlated with follow-up Body Image score (beta weights of 0.40 and −0.24, respectively). Conclusion: We conclude that the rate of breast development and FSH level have independent, opposite effects on body image during early adolescence.