Abstract
The security and socioeconomic development of China’s border areas are of great significance to the nation and the wider world. Using census, statistical, digital elevation model (DEM) and network data, this paper employs visual analysis to capture population distribution patterns in China’s 131 border counties from 1982 to 2010. Multiple stepwise regression is carried out to identify the influencing factors of population dynamics in border regions. The main findings include: China’s most heavily populated border areas are primarily in the northeast, northwest, and the Guangxi-Yunnan region, while rapid growth of population is found in western Inner Mongolia, southwest Xinjiang, northwest Tibet, and southern Yunnan. Given the increasingly market-oriented migration mechanism, the national reclamation policy has been no longer effective in population attraction in the new century. Education has significantly lowered and will continuously lower the fertility rate in remote border areas. The factors influencing population growth show a remarkable regional heterogeneity along China’s long border.
Highlights
Due to the increasing globalization and regional economic integration, sub-regional cooperation has emerged as there is significant collaboration between neighboring countries [1,2]
The connotations and functions of national boundaries are shifting because this subregional cooperation involves border areas [3,4,5,6], which have become a relevant research topic
With the emergence of the economic belt in the border areas among European countries, the United States, Canada, and the United States and Mexico, scholars believe that the economic cooperation between the border areas will gradually get rid of the traditional regional mode of border trade and will be transformed into border development zones [9]
Summary
Due to the increasing globalization and regional economic integration, sub-regional cooperation has emerged as there is significant collaboration between neighboring countries [1,2]. The border areas will become an important bridge for economic activities between countries [14] This is accompanied by a series of border issues, such as illegal immigration, cultural conflicts, and so on [15,16,17,18]. As the main factor of production, population migrates frequently between regions especially in the era of new-type urbanization [29,30], which makes the population spatial pattern in border areas quietly change and brings a series of effects on border security and economic and social development in border areas. As there is no administrative division within the study of 1 km of the frontier, it is difficult to propose specific policies for population distribution patterns and changes The reasons for these shifts are mostly discussed from the perspective of sociology, which cannot provide a reference to create a national border policy. After presenting the study’s findings, the paper offers suggestions for the growth of border counties in different regions
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