Evolving patterns of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis.

Abstract

563 Background: Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities have resulted in better outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. With new therapies extending survival, we hypothesize that pattern of metastatic disease has evolved over time. We assessed the pattern of metastases as reported in baseline characteristics of prospective clinical trial patients between 1990 and 2018. Methods: This study identified all phase I-III mRCC therapeutic clinical trials published between January 1990 and July 2018 in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies that included patients with other cancers or did not report metastases were excluded. Data was stratified to examine differences in three listed treatment eras for first-line therapy. Linear regression models were used to evaluate temporal trends and subcategorized as either First Line Only treatments (FLO) or Second-Line and Beyond (SLB). Results: 127 clinical trials encompassing 16534 subjects were identified. Between 1990 and 2018, rates of lymph node metastases in the FLO population increased significantly at 1.03% per year ( P < 0.05). The rate of lung and liver metastases in FLO showed a trend of increase at 0.48% and 0.04% per year, respectively, but decreased -0.73% and -0.15% per year in the SLB population. Moreover, rate of bone metastasis showed a trend of increase in both populations, particularly between the VEGF/TKI and Immunotherapy/TKI eras in the SLB population (18.89% to 29.19%). Conclusions: Notable changes were found in the pattern of metastasis in patients with mRCC. Increasing rate of bone metastasis may warrant dedicated bone imaging for routine staging in patients with mRCC. These evolving patterns may have important implications in treatment selection and prognosis in this patient population. [Table: see text]