Abstract
BackgroundWe have previously reported in Xishuangbanna (Banna) Dai Autonomous Prefecture, a well-developed tourist destination in the southwest border of China, that HIV-1 transmitted dominantly through heterosexual contact with less divergent genotypes and few drug resistant mutations [1]. Due to the rapid increase of newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases per year in Banna in recent years, it’s important to evaluate the evolution of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology for the better understanding of ongoing HIV-1 outbreak in this region.Methodology/Principal FindingsBy sequencing of HIV-1 pol genes and phylogenetic analysis, we conducted a molecular epidemiologic study in 352 HIV-1-seropositive highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART)-naïve individuals newly diagnosed at the Banna Center for Disease Control and Prevention between 2009 and 2011. Of 283 samples (84.1% taken from heterosexually acquired adults, 10.6% from needle-sharing drug users, 2.8% from men who have sex with men, 0.4% from children born from HIV-1-infected mothers, and 2.1% remained unknown) with successful sequencing for pol gene, we identified 108 (38.2%) HIV-1 subtype CRF08_BC, 101 (35.7%) CRF01_AE, 49 (17.3%) CRF07_BC, 5 (1.8%) C/CRF57_BC, 3 (1.1%) B’, 1 (0.4%) B/CRF51_01B, and 16 (5.7%) unique recombinants forms. Among these infected individuals, 104 (36.7%) cases showed drug resistant or resistance-relevant mutations, and 4 of them conferring high-level resistance to 3TC/FTC, EFV/NVP or NFV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 21 clusters (2–7 sequences) with only 21.2% (60/283) sequences involved.Conclusion/SignificanceIn contrast to our previous findings, CRF08_BC, replaced CRF01_AE, became the dominant genotype of HIV-1 in Banna prefecture. The viral strains with drug resistance mutations were detected frequently in newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected individuals in this region.
Highlights
The Xishuangbanna (Banna) Dai Autonomous Prefecture of China’s Yunnan province, geographically located at the southwestern border of China, has two counties (Menghai and Mengla) and one city (Jinghong) with an estimated population of 1.13 million populations in 2012
Characteristics of HIV-1 participants in Background: We have previously reported in Xishuangbanna (Banna) prefecture A total of 352 newly HIV-1 infected individuals had been diagnosed in Banna Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from July 2009 to June 2011, including natives inhabited in Jinghong city (221 cases, 62.8%), Menghai county (108 cases, 30.7%), Mengla county (16 cases, 4.5%) and immigrants (7 cases, 2.0%) (Figure 1A)
In Yunnan province, there were a total of 104981 cases of HIV-1 infection and 7671 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected individuals in 2012
Summary
The Xishuangbanna (Banna) Dai Autonomous Prefecture of China’s Yunnan province, geographically located at the southwestern border of China, has two counties (Menghai and Mengla) and one city (Jinghong) with an estimated population of 1.13 million populations (including 13 ethnics) in 2012. Due to the rapidly increasing numbers of newly diagnosed HIV1 cases per year in the past years (75 cases in 2005 and nearly 200 cases in 2011), it is important to evaluate the evolution of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology for the better understanding of ongoing HIV-1 outbreak in this region. We have previously reported in Xishuangbanna (Banna) Dai Autonomous Prefecture, a well-developed tourist destination in the southwest border of China, that HIV-1 transmitted dominantly through heterosexual contact with less divergent genotypes and few drug resistant mutations [1]. Due to the rapid increase of newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases per year in Banna in recent years, it’s important to evaluate the evolution of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology for the better understanding of ongoing HIV-1 outbreak in this region
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