Abstract
Although the robotics firstly appeared as an entertainment form, its capabilities have continuously advanced from the world’s first industrial robot to the surgical robotic systems which are today capable of performing many surgical maneuvers unaided. However, these surgical robots are not autonomous systems; they are designed to complete a surgeon’s abilities and converting surgeon’s movements into incredibly steady and accurate robotic movements that finally manipulate surgical instruments to assist delicate operations. This novel type of surgery is carried out in the form of minimally invasive surgical procedure and has offered valuable alternatives to enhance traditional open surgery approach. Although the surgical robotic systems began as external robots, technological progresses are directing the surgical robotic systems to endoluminal robots which consist of doing surgical maneuvers by navigating of robot through lumens of human body. Here, we will briefly review different applications of robotic systems in various fields of medicine. Then, we will discuss minimally invasive surgical systems and their role in progressing of minimally invasive surgery as a modern surgery method. By thoroughly investigating a considerable amount of published materials about the minimally invasive surgical technologies, we will study the recent research activities and commercially available samples of surgical robotic systems.
Highlights
The robot, a Czech word from robata which means “forced labour”, firstly appeared in an entertainment form [1]
The robotics firstly appeared as an entertainment form, its capabilities have continuously advanced from the world’s first industrial robot to the surgical robotic systems which are today capable of performing many surgical maneuvers unaided
The surgical robotic systems began as external robots, technological progresses are directing the surgical robotic systems to endoluminal robots which consist of doing surgical maneuvers by navigating of robot through lumens of human body
Summary
The robot, a Czech word from robata which means “forced labour”, firstly appeared in an entertainment form [1]. In contrast with the first appearance, the robots have evolved to a technology that revolutionized different fields of science such as mathematics, automotives, ocean/space exploration, medical and military tasks. In this regard, medicine and more especially surgical operating rooms are one of the crucial locations that have been influenced by robotic technologies [2]. One of the most valuable achievements of robotic systems for surgical operating rooms is known as minimally invasive surgery or MIS [4]. MIS is referred to any application of computer-assisted robotic technologies to increase the surgeon’s ability to carry out various surgical maneuvers [5]. We will thoroughly introduce different minimally invasive surgical technologies in three different categories; laparoscopic technologies, external surgical robotic systems, and endoluminal surgical robotic systems
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