Abstract
This work presents the assessment of the well-known Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and one of its variants to optimize a proposed electric power production system. Such variant implements a chaotic model to generate the initial population, aiming to get a better distributed Pareto front. The considered power system is composed of solar, wind and natural gas power sources, being the first two renewable energies. Three conflicting objectives are considered in the problem: (1) power production, (2) production costs and (3) CO2 emissions. The Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) is also adopted in the comparison so as to enrich the empirical evidence by contrasting the NSGA-II versions against a non-Pareto-based approach. Spacing and Hypervolume are the chosen metrics to compare the performance of the algorithms under study. The obtained results suggest that there is no significant improvement by using the variant of the NSGA-II over the original version. Nonetheless, meaningful performance differences have been found between MOEA/D and the other two algorithms.
Highlights
Climate change is a very relevant problem that human kind is facing
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) did prove to be significantly different to Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) (Wilcoxon test with p-value = 3.06 × 10−9)
This same behavior occurred for L-NSGA-II and Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA)/D (Wilcoxon test with p-value = 5.53 × 10−8)
Summary
The United Nations Organization has warned that approximately a dozen years are left to limit climate change at 1.5 ◦C in order to prevent a world crisis [1]. Fossil fuels have been and continue to be widely used to produce electricity. These energy sources, when burned to generate heat to produce power, emit nitrogen oxides and other pollutants that contribute to the smog and acid rain [2]. Several countries, including the United States (US), have started to adopt renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, to produce electric power. In 2017, around 11% of the total consumed energy in the US came from renewable energies [3], equivalent to approximately 11 quadrillion British Thermal Units (Btu). About 17% of the generated electricity alone was from renewables
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