Evolutionary Medicine: Microevolution of human morphology and its medico‐social impact

Abstract

Human morphology is undergoing evolutionary changes. Hitherto, the socio‐economic and clinical impact of such alterations of human anatomy is mostly underestimated. We present not only current research data on such microevolutionary traits but also address particularly their medico‐social impact. Based on skeletal samples from ancient to modern times as well as based on modern Swiss Armed forces conscription data (N>100,000) we are able to show significant increases in body dimensions (such as stature or weight, BMI), decrease in skeletal robustness as well as an increase in morphological variability. A further particular focus is laid by us on the alterations of the axial skeleton as seen eg. by increased frequencies of spina bifida occulta. Embedded in the research framework of Evolutionary Medicine we will address specific consequences for public health measures (target group for weight reduction programs), medical teaching (variability of anatomical structures) or clinical research (low back pain etiology).