Abstract
Single- and low-copy genes are less likely to be subject to concerted evolution. Thus, they are appropriate tools to study the origin and evolution of polyploidy plant taxa. The plastid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene (Pgk-1) sequences from 44 accessions of Triticum and Aegilops, representing diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats, were used to estimate the origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi. Our phylogenetic analysis was carried out on exon+intron, exon and intron sequences, using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and haplotype networking. We found the D genome sequences of Pgk-1 genes from T. petropavlovskyi are similar to the D genome orthologs in T. aestivum, while their relationship with Ae. tauschii is more distant. The A genome sequences of T. petropavlovskyi group with those of T. polonicum, but its Pgk-1 B genome sequences to some extent diverge from those of other species of Triticum. Our data do not support for the origin of T. petropavlovskyi either as an independent allopolyploidization event between Ae. tauschii and T. polonicum, or as a monomendelian mutation in T. aestivum. We suggest that T. petropavlovskyi originated via spontaneous introgression from T. polonicum into T. aestivum. The dating of this introgression indicates an age of 0.78 million years; a further mutation event concerning the B genome occurred 0.69 million years ago.
Highlights
In the Xinjiang region of China, Triticum species are abundant
Indel 1 was located at position 67–72 of the A genome; indel 2 mapped at position 563–568 and had a 6 bp deletion specific for A genome
Results based on molecular markers, including A-PAGE, SDS-PAGE, STS-PAGE, SSR and RFLP, indicate that T. petropavlovskyi is genetically distinct from other Chinese endemic wheat landraces [5,59]
Summary
In the Xinjiang region of China, Triticum species are abundant. The Xinjiang rice wheat (Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch.), known as ‘Daosuimai’ or rice-head wheat, is one of the Chinese endemic wheat landraces, together with the Sichuan white wheat complex (T. aestivum L.), Tibetan weedrace (T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao) and Yunnan hulled wheat (T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King) [1]. Et Migusch.), known as ‘Daosuimai’ or rice-head wheat, is one of the Chinese endemic wheat landraces, together with the Sichuan white wheat complex (T. aestivum L.), Tibetan weedrace Morphology, eco-geographical origin and RFLP analysis, the Xinjiang rice wheat is distinct from other Chinese endemic wheat landraces [2,3,4,5]. Gorsky [6] analyzed the morphology of Xinjiang rice wheat, and suggested that it was a mutated form of the tetraploid Triticum polonicum L. Udachin and Miguschova [7] discovered that the Xinjiang rice wheat is not tetraploid but hexaploid, and named it T. petropavlovskyi Udacz. Dorofeev et al [11] hypothesized that T. petropavlovskyi could be the result of spontaneous hybridization between T. aestivum and T
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