Evolutionary Computational Technique in Automatic Generation Control of Multi-area Power Systems with Nonlinearity and Energy Storage Unit

Abstract

In this study, a new meta-heuristic based evolutionary computational technique is reported for solving Automatic Generation Control (AGC) or Load Frequency Control (LFC) issue in multi-area power system with nonlinearity and an energy storage unit. Multi-area power system consists of two area equal reheat thermal power systems with Governor Dead Band (GDB) and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) nonlinearity and boiler dynamics and energy storage element. During normal operating conditions, there no change in system parameters (Frequency and tie-line power flow) and stability. When sudden load demand occurs in any one of interconnected power, it affects system parameters and stability and system yield damping oscillation in their response with steady state error and settling time. In order to mitigate this biggest pose the proper selection of the controller is a major issue. In power system Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) loop is a primary control loop and in addition Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is proposed as a secondary controller in AGC. The better performance of power system depends on proper selection of controller gain and also depends on the selected objective function for optimization of controller gain values. A new meta-heuristic based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) evolutionary computational technique is used for tuning of PID controller with different operating conditions. Three different objective functions Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) and Integral Absolute Error (IAE) are used in ACO for tuning of controller gain. An electromechanical oscillation of power system is effectively damp out by introducing an energy storage unit in two area interconnected power system because of their inherent energy storage capacity with kinetic energy of the rotor. In this study Hydrogen generative Aqua Electroliser (HAE) with a fuel cell is incorporated into the investigated power system. The response of the proposed approach with different cost functions are obtained and compared with and without considering the effect of energy storage unit in LFC problem.