Evolutionary anisotropy and flow stress in advanced high strength steels under loading path changes

Abstract

Chaboche kinematic hardening, Yoshida–Uemori, and homogenous anisotropic hardening (HAH) models were evaluated in terms of their prediction capability of flow stress and evolutionary r-value under loading path changes. The first two models are based on kinematic hardening, whereas the HAH model is based on distortional hardening. Continuous compression–tension (CT) tests with pre-strains for dual-phase 780 and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) 780 steel sheets were conducted. For the initial anisotropy described by the Yld2000-2d model, uniaxial tension tests for three material orientations and a biaxial test were performed. During the CT tests, both stress and r-value variations with plastic strain were measured. All the models were implemented into the finite element software ABAQUS using user material subroutines. Experimentally, both sheets exhibited typical anisotropic hardening features such as the Bauschinger effect, transient hardening, and long-range softening. The TRIP 780 exhibited small work-hardening stagnation. In addition, the evolutionary r-value during the second loading was significant. The three models could predict most of the features in the stress–strain curves during the second loading. However, only the HAH model could predict the experimentally observed r-value evolution. This evolutionary r-value predicted by the HAH model could be explained by distortion of the yield locus during the first loading and its rapid recovery toward the initial yield locus shape.