Abstract
With the ever-increasing traffic demand of wireless users, resulting from the huge deployment of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and the emergence of smart city applications requiring ultra-low latency networks, the Fifth Generation (5G) of cellular networks have been introduced as a revolutionary broadband technology to boost the quality of service of mobile users. In this paper, we investigate the planning process for a 5G radio access network having mmWave Micro Remote Radio Units (mRRUs) on top of sub-6 GHz Macro Remote Radio Units (MRRUs). We rely on proper channel models and link budgets as well as Urban Macro-cells (UMa) and Urban Micro-cells (UMi) characteristics to carefully formulate a 5G network planning optimization problem. We aim to jointly determine the minimum number of MRRUs and mRRUs to install and find their locations in a given geographical area while fulfilling coverage and user traffic demand constraints. In order to solve this planning process, we propose a two-step process where we first employ a low complexity meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize the locations of RRUs followed by an iterative elimination method to remove redundant cells. To evaluate the performances of this proposed approach, we conduct a comparative study using Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing. Simulations results using sub-6 GHz UMa and 28 GHz UMi demonstrate the ability of the proposed planning approach to achieve more than 98% coverage with minimum cell capacity outage rate, not exceeding the 2%, for different scenarios and illustrate the efficiency of the evolutionary algorithms in solving this NP-hard problem in reasonable running time.
Highlights
The demand for mobile data traffic and higher access rate in last decade have been significantly increasing due to the increase of number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and the emergence of several applications requiring low-latency and real-time access
We study the planification of a heterogeneous network architecture, which consists in the deployments of sub-6 GHz spectrum Urban Macro-cells (UMa) Remote Radio Units (RRUs), referred to as Macro Remote Radio Units (MRRUs), under the coverage of a mmWave Urban Micro-cells (UMi) RRUs, referred to as Micro Remote Radio Units (mRRUs)
Our aim is to perform the planning process in such a multi-tier heterogeneous architecture where we focus on simultaneously optimizing the number and locations of MRRUs and mRRUs
Summary
The demand for mobile data traffic and higher access rate in last decade have been significantly increasing due to the increase of number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and the emergence of several applications requiring low-latency and real-time access (e.g., autonomous vehicles systems [1], financial trading [2], mobile crowdsourcing [3], playback streaming [4], etc). MmWave offers a large amount of available unlicensed spectrum that allows better cell-edge coverage, large bandwidth (BW), less interference caused by the neighboring cells transmission as compared to microwave, and more importantly frequency reuse within a short distance This being said, using the mmWave bands in 5G results in higher bandwidth and a limited coverage that can only be surpassed by a huge network densification involving massive distributions of Remote Radio Units (RRUs) across the region of interest. We study the planification of a heterogeneous network architecture, which consists in the deployments of sub-6 GHz spectrum Urban Macro-cells (UMa) RRUs, referred to as MRRUs, under the coverage of a mmWave Urban Micro-cells (UMi) RRUs, referred to as mRRUs. The UMi antennas provide high data rate with a limited short range coverage while the UMa antennas allow a long range coverage.
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