Evolutionally formed genetic polymorphism of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum moench)

Abstract

For the prospects of breeding, the important features are those that went beyond the morphological constitution of species. Their source is the kind of evolutionary mutation reserve of buckwheat, which is significantly different from intraspecific polymorphism.The aim and tasks of the study. Some spontaneous mutations - the only source of the necessary genetic material expansion.Material and methods. Genetic diversity of buckwheat was created and discovered by identifying genotypes from various ecogeographical groups; recombinogenesis using intra- or interspecific hybridization with further identification of genotypes by offspring; inbreeding for separation of buckwheat population into different genotypes.Results and discussion. Determinate, green flowering are controlled by monogenic recessive alleles, short caulescent controlled by both recessive and dominant genes.Feature "high-grained shortened central stalk" with specific regulation of photosystem is monogenic recessive controlled.Heterostyled hybrids F1 were obtained from from the wild type of self-fertile F. homotropicum (homostyly form) by introgression feature of self, which confirmі their hybridity and recessive control of homostyly.We observed monogenic splitting in the hybrid combination F2 (Form D / Fagopyrum homotropicum), where heterostyled dolichostylous phenotype appearsConclusions. Identified valuable evolutionary mutations are determinant forms of three types of inflorescences, three types of green flowering, short caulescent, red flowering, leafless form, "truncated high-grained central stalk" and fasciations and qualify as genetic diversity of buckwheat features.