Abstract
The calculation of the frost-heaving pressure is one of the key issues in the frost-resistant design of tunnels in cold regions. To reveal the frost heave mechanism of partial ponding behind the tunnel linings, a three-dimensional geo-mechanical model test was developed that only considered the frost heave load. A self-designed water bladder equipment was set up to simulate the partial ponding. The frost heave response characteristics of the surrounding rock with partial ponding were simulated to analyze the change law of temperature field and frost-heaving pressure under freezing by using air-conditioning to reduce the ambient temperature of the model test. The changes in the internal temperature of the surrounding rock and the evolution of the frost-heaving pressure over time under different thicknesses of partial ponding and different levels of surrounding rock were compared. The theoretical calculation value of frost-heaving pressure and the test values of the model test were compared and analyzed using the numerical simulation method. The results showed that the temperature of the surrounding rock presented three-stage changes, which showed a lagging characteristic relative to the environmental temperature. The empirical equation for the relationship between the frost-heaving pressure and time was obtained by nonlinear fitting of the experimental results. Taking advantage of the regular tetrahedron calculation model, the paper established a semiempirical frost-heaving pressure model considering time and space effects, which was identical with the frost-heaving phenomenon from the experiments. Theoretical analysis, experiments, and numerical simulation show that the frost-heaving pressure increased along with the depth of partial ponding and the elastic resistance coefficient of surrounding rock, which could provide references for revealing the frost-heaving pressure of partial ponding behind tunnels of cold regions and has a significant meaning in the engineering application.
Highlights
China has vast cold regions where a series of tunnels have been built during the transportation network construction [1,2,3]
Research on alpine region tunnels has produced fruitful results, which provided some theoretical references to the frostheaving pressure on tunnel linings in cold regions [10]. e existing frost-heaving pressure calculations are based on the Geofluids water-bearing weathered layer model, the partial ponding behind the lining model, or the freeze-thaw circle overall frost heave model. e water-bearing weathered layer model was proposed based on the surveys of tunnels in Japan
T e ge-mechanical model test considered the evolution patterns of frost heaving pressure with partial ponding in cold region tunnels
Summary
China has vast cold regions where a series of tunnels have been built during the transportation network construction [1,2,3]. E existing frost-heaving pressure calculations are based on the Geofluids water-bearing weathered layer model, the partial ponding behind the lining model, or the freeze-thaw circle overall frost heave model. Zhang et al [11] proposed a calculation model for the frostheaving pressure regarding the frost heave layer and lining as an elastic body. To study the frost-heaving pressure characteristics of partial ponding behind the tunnel lining in cold regions, a three-dimensional geo-mechanical model test on the frost-heaving pressure of locally accumulated water behind the lining was firstly carried out. E temperature distribution pattern and the frost-heaving pressure variation characteristics of the surrounding rock were acquired during the freezing process. Considering the time-space effect, the frostheaving pressure variation pattern with the volume of partial ponding and time was obtained. is study could provide a new idea for analyzing the frost-heaving pressure of lining void in cold region tunnels
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