Abstract
Wearable devices are becoming widespread in a wide range of applications, from healthcare to biomedical monitoring systems, which enable continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for medical diagnostics, physiological health monitoring and evaluation. Especially as the elderly population grows globally, various chronic and acute diseases become increasingly important, and the medical industry is changing dramatically due to the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and real-time monitoring of long-term health conditions. Wearable devices have evolved gradually in the form of accessories, integrated clothing, body attachments and body inserts. Over the past few decades, the tremendous development of electronics, biocompatible materials and nanomaterials has resulted in the development of implantable devices that enable the diagnosis and prognosis through small sensors and biomedical devices, and greatly improve the quality and efficacy of medical services. This article summarizes the wearable devices that have been developed to date, and provides a review of their clinical applications. We will also discuss the technical barriers and challenges in the development of wearable devices, and discuss future prospects on wearable biosensors for prevention, personalized medicine and real-time health monitoring.
Highlights
Today, with the increase in the elderly population, the medical industry has changed dramatically, with a focus on the development of biosensors that enable real-time health monitoring, prevention and personalized medicine for a variety of chronic and acute diseases
Wearable devices are becoming popular in various fields, from healthcare to biomedical monitoring systems (Table 4)
Wearable devices are becoming important for long-term health monitoring due to the increasing elderly population throughout the world [114]
Summary
With the increase in the elderly population, the medical industry has changed dramatically, with a focus on the development of biosensors that enable real-time health monitoring, prevention and personalized medicine for a variety of chronic and acute diseases. Wearable devices are real-time and noninvasive biosensors allowing for the continuous monitoring of individuals, and provide sufficient information for determining health status, and even preliminary medical diagnosis. Wearable devices connect to other smart devices via Bluetooth, infrared, radio-frequency identification (RFID) and near-field communication (NFC) technology Together, this connectivity has led to the development of wearable systems for remote and long-term patient monitoring in homes and communities that were previously impossible (Figure 1B). This connectivity has led to the development of wearable systems for remote and long-term patient monitoring in homes and communities that were previously impossible (Figure 1B) This capability is expected to make a significant contribution to reducing medical and healthcare costs in countries with a large population of elderly people. We discuss the technical barriers and challenges of currently available biosensors and the future prospects for emerging biosensors
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