EVOLUTION OF THE SOIL LAND USE (DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE)

Abstract

The production of crop production depends on the condition and level of use of agricultural land. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying general trends in the change of acreage from 1920 to 2020. (Materials and methods) We have identified three historical periods of the development of land use by soil lands. Characterized the reforms of the formation and development of agriculture in Russia (Results and discussion) A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of the acreage of agricultural crops of three time historical periods was carried out. It was established that in the first historical period (1920-1941), as a result of collectivization and industrialization of agriculture, the area of agricultural land increased from 113.0 to 150.4 million hectares. It was revealed that in the II historical period (1945-1990), the development of virgin and fallow lands increased the area of agricultural land by 56.7 million hectares and in 1960 amounted to 203 million hectares. The peak values of the increase were observed in 1985 - 210.3 million hectares. It was noted that in the III historical period (1991-2021) there is a systematic reduction of the tractor fleet, which led to the disposal of agricultural land. If in 1990 the acreage was 117.7 million hectares, then in 2020 this indicator decreased by 37.8 million hectares and amounted to 79.9. (Conclusions) It was established that the reproduction process in agriculture is impossible without land resources. Of the lost 32.68 million hectares of land, it is necessary to restore and return to active agricultural use, first of all, the most valuable lands for agriculture - arable land, pastures and hayfields.