Abstract
As the increasing pressure to carbon peak and carbon neutral has brought carbon capture and storage (CCS) to the forefront as an emission mitigation tool, greater attention is being paid to the potential for injecting dry boiler flue gas (DBFG) into oil reservoirs. With the aim to directly inject DBFG with steam into heavy oil reservoirs, this study presents the results of a laboratory investigation of the effect of DBFG on the properties and composition of heavy oil by viscosity measurement, pressure–volume–temperature measurement, high-temperature and high-pressure experiment, and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. The results of the experiments show that adding 0.5 wt % particulate matter has no obvious influence on the viscosity of heavy oil. DBFG dissolved in heavy oil can reduce viscosity, increase the flow capability, and make the heavy oil volume swell. Heavy oil is oxidized with DBFG at 140 °C, which is mainly caused by the O2 in the DBFG, and the oxidation product is alcohol. The findings of the beneficial effect of DBFG on viscosity and swelling factor and the negligible negative effect of the small amount of nitrogen oxides, sulfides, and particulate matter in DBFG are very encouraging. It is expected that DBFG can be directly injected into heavy oil, not only for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) but also for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants, as well as for saving costs.
Highlights
China is the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases and emitted 10.2 billion tons of CO2 in 2019.1 Eighty-six percent of carbon sources come from the utilization of fossil fuels, i.e., coal, oil, and natural gas.[2]
We sieved the solid particulate matter with 60, 150, and 300 sifts, dipped some particulate matter in a toothpick, and put them on a carbon adhesive tape; the particle size distribution of 187 particles was calculated by analyzing scanning electron microscope (SEM) images
The solubility and swelling factor increase as the temperature increases, especially when the pressure is above 13 MPa
Summary
China is the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases and emitted 10.2 billion tons of CO2 in 2019.1 Eighty-six percent of carbon sources come from the utilization of fossil fuels, i.e., coal, oil, and natural gas.[2]. The components nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, particulate matter, and CO2 in the BFG from the steam generator in the oil field are either stable long-term pollution gases and particulate sources or become greenhouse gases if released to the atmosphere without collection and treatment.[12,13] One example is that particulate matter may be covered with toxic or carcinogenic substances and can prove harmful for human beings.[11−13] Since DBFG has a high temperature and clearly contains several components, i.e., CO2, N2, O2, and so on, it is very interesting to see whether we can take advantage of them in the EOR process. Hightemperature and high-pressure (HTHP) experiment and highresolution mass spectrometry analysis were performed to study the influence of small amounts of nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, and O2 in DBFG on heavy oil composition
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