Abstract
Automotive coatings and the processes used to coat automobile surfaces exemplify the avant-garde of technologies that are capable of producing durable surfaces, exceeding customers’ expectations of appearance, maximizing efficiency, and meeting environmental regulations. These accomplishments are rooted in 100 years of experience, trial-and-error approaches, technique and technology advancements, and theoretical assessments. Because of advancements directed at understanding the how, why, when, and where of automobile coatings, the progress in controlling droplets and their deposition attributes, and the development of new technologies and paint chemistries, a comprehensive and up-to-date review of automobile coatings and coating technologies was considered to be of value to industrial practitioners and researchers. Overall, the critical performance factors driving the development and use of advanced automotive coatings and coating technologies are (a) aesthetic characteristics; (b) corrosion protection; (c) mass production; (d) cost and environmental requirements; and (e) appearance and durability. Although the relative importance of each of these factors is debatable, the perfection of any one at the expense of another would be unacceptable. Hence, new developments in automotive coatings are described and discussed in the following review, and then related to improvements in production technologies and paints. Modern automotive coating procedures are also discussed in detail. Finally, an extrapolation into the future of automotive coating is offered with a view of the developments and technologies needed for an increasingly efficient and more sustainable coatings industry.
Highlights
At the beginning of the automotive industry about 100 years ago, cars were painted with a varnish-like product that was brushed onto the vehicle surfaces; this coating was sanded and smoothed, and the varnish was reapplied and refinished to establish several layers of the coating
To ensure a surface-parallel orientation of aluminum flakes, it is necessary that the spray droplet impact speed with a surface is high enough; the speed is affected by viscosity and paint droplet diameter
The technologies employed in automotive become much more sophisticated and layers that perform in unison
Summary
At the beginning of the automotive industry about 100 years ago, cars were painted with a varnish-like product that was brushed onto the vehicle surfaces; this coating was sanded and smoothed, and the varnish was reapplied and refinished to establish several layers of the coating. Automotive coatings continue to evolve as they either satisfy or are anticipated to meet customer expectations and environmental regulations while lowering manufacturing and ownership costs One of these evolutions is in the use of smart coatings because they offer the potential to significantly improve surface durability while adding additional functionalities or properties like self-healing, super-hydrophobicity, self-stratifying, self-sensing, sound proofing, and vibration damping. It is necessary that these novel coating compositions preserve current automobile coating compatible polymer blends that produce micro‐heterogeneous structures [22] These self‐stratifying attributes and characteristics such as appearance and high gloss, and durability to corrosion, abrasion, coatings would enable the basecoat and clearcoat to be applied in a single layer and could streamline and UV [22].
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