Evolution of Structures and Optical Properties in a Series of Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystals LixAg1-xInSe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1).

Abstract

In this work, a number of new infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals of LixAg1-xInSe2, in which the ratio x of Li/Ag varies in a wide range from 0 to 1, are investigated. Structural analysis reveals that the space group of LixAg1-xInSe2 evolved from I4̅2d in AgInSe2 to Pna21 in LiInSe2 as x increases from low values (0, 0.2, 0.37) to large values (0.55, 0.78, 0.81, 1). Compared to other Li/Ag coexisting chalcogenides such as LixAg1-xGaS2 and LixAg1-xGaSe2, the structural distortions in LixAg1-xInSe2 are much more prominent. This may explain the limited crystallization region in the phase graph of the tetragonal structure LixAg1-xInSe2. The fundamental optical absorption edges in these LixAg1-xInSe2 compounds are determined from the direct electronic transitions and the band gaps Eg gradually increase as the lithium content increases, consistent with the first-principles calculations. The composition x = 0.78 is calculated to have a good set of optical properties with a large NLO coefficient (dpowder = 28.8 pm/V) and moderate birefringence (Δn ∼ 0.04). Accordingly, the Li0.78Ag0.22InSe2 crystal is grown by the modified Bridgman-Stockbarger method, and it exhibits a wide transparency range from 0.546 to 14.3 μm at the 2% transmittance level.