Abstract

A flower is the most complicated reproductive organ of a plant and is composed of four floral organs, namely carpels, stamens, petals and sepals. Development of the floral organs is mainly regulated by the members of the MADS transcription factors, and the evolution of reproductive organs is related to the evolution of the MADS genes. Based on recent studies of MADS genes in gymnosperms and ferns it has been speculated that the common ancestor of vascular plants had only a few MADS genes and the patterns of expression were ubiquitous. (1) The increase of MADS genes by gene duplication and (2) the recruitment of some MADS genes to be expressed in specific tissues were likely to have been important for the evolution of complicated reproductive organs, such as angiosperm flowers, from simple reproductive organs like fern sporangia.

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