Evolution of Rationalism in Colonial India

Abstract

This chapter provides a brief outline of the situation of the social and religious reform movements in 19th century India, addressing in the process, the specific social, cultural and political milieu within which organised rationalism emerged. A few exemplary groups and positions are highlighted, such as the Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and the more radical Young Bengal Group (Derozians). The focus in particular is on three men who are central to the contemporary rationalist movement in Maharashtra: Gopal Agarkar, “Mahatma” Phule and Shahu IV of Kolhapur.