Abstract
Evolution of pesticide resistance in predator/prey systems was studied by computer simulation. Intensive pesticide use caused rapid resistance development in the prey (pest) but either suppressed resistance development in the predator (natural enemy) or caused local extinction of the predator. Reduced pesticide use slowed resistance development in the prey and promoted resistance development in the predator. When an economic threshold criterion for pesticide application was used and the pesticide was more toxic to prey than to predators, prey resistance was retarded due to reduced pesticide application. Augmentation of the predator's food supply promoted resistance in the predator. Reduced pesticide use is viewed as an essential component of resistance management that can enhance the potential for integration of biological and chemical pest control.
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