Abstract
Enthusiasm for photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a potential therapeutic intervention for cancer has increased exponentially in recent decades. Photodynamic therapy constitutes a clinically approved, minimally invasive treatment modality that uses a photosensitizer (light absorbing molecule) and light to kill cancer cells. The principle of PDT is, when irradiated with a light of a suitable wavelength, a photosensitizer absorbs the light energy and generates cytotoxic free radicals through various mechanisms. The overall efficiency of PDT depends on characteristics of activation light and in-situ dosimetry, including the choice of photosensitizer molecule, wavelength of the light, and tumor location and microenvironment, for instance, the use of two-photon laser or an X-ray irradiator as the light source increases tissue-penetration depth, enabling it to achieve deep PDT. In this mini-review, we discuss the various designs and strategies for single, two-photon, and X-ray-mediated PDT for improved clinical outcomes.
Highlights
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy constitute the two major clinical treatment modalities for cancer, which often cause deleterious side effects resulting in poor clinical outcomes [1,2,3,4]
We hope that this review will provide crucial ideas for the creation of precise photodynamic therapy (PDT) platforms for successful clinical translation
According the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This problem can be solved by encapsulation with NP, which can be to either requirement, the same group introduced either Here
Summary
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy constitute the two major clinical treatment modalities for cancer, which often cause deleterious side effects resulting in poor clinical outcomes [1,2,3,4]. Molecules 2019, 24, x FOR PEER REVIEW relation to its therapeutic efficacy are necessary to consider, such as initial oxygen concentration in tumor microenvironment, penetration depth of the light, the light intensity and wavelength utilized, and their complemented. Intothe normal tissues is achieved molecules, which enhance their solubility andreduced biocompatibility; excitation properties of either ligandswhen that include tumor-specific antibodies (active transport). PDT uses activated by this activation and suffers that biological components have less absorption in the region between and nm; light at this poor penetration depth, and its application is limited to superficial tumors. PS platform, deeper PDT uses two-photon excitation [31], photon excitation (TPE) is that,NP-based in TPE absorption increases with the square of light [32],allowing or self-luminescence [33] asselectivity the light source [34]tumor to provide better penetration ability to intensity, three-dimensional to target cells. We hope that this review will provide crucial ideas for the creation of precise PDT platforms for successful clinical translation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
