Evolution of Monthly Average Temperatures in Four Typical Climatic Zones In Senegal: Comparison Between Ground Temperatures and Temperatures of The Typical Meteorological Year

Abstract

One of the most obvious signs of climate change is the increase in the global average temperature over the past decades. This work constitutes an evolution of the monthly average temperature over 4 climatic zones of Senegal followed by a correlation study between ground measurement temperatures and temperatures of a typical meteorological year. The sites are located respectively in the west of the country (Dakar), in the north (St Louis), in the east (Tambacounda) and in the south (Ziguinchor). The results showed temperature variations depending on the region under consideration and also on the time of year. The results give a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.937 in Dakar, 0.889 in St Louis, 0.507 in Tambacounda and 0.789 in Ziguinchor. The mean squared error (MSE) ranges from 1.707°C to 3.113°C. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is between 5.3% and 9.6%. The mean absolute deviation (MAD) is between 1.308 °C and 2.873 °C. The low mean bias errors found make it possible to say that the correlations are good and the relationship between the in situ temperatures and those of the typical meteorological year is a relationship of direct proportionality.vegetation biomass changes in the lower levels to middle levels of ECL (Q8 up to Q6 ) and the vegetation distribution dynamics had appeared in upper levels of ECL ( Q4 up to Q1) .