Abstract
Simultaneous vibration welding of 304 stainless steel was carried out with an eccentric circulating vibrator and a magnetic telescopic vibrator at subresonant (362 Hz and 59.3 Hz) and resonant (376 Hz and 60.9 Hz) frequencies. The experimental results indicate that the temperature gradient can be increased, accelerating nucleation and causing grain refinement during this process. During simultaneous vibration welding primary δ-ferrite can be refined and the morphologies of retained δ-ferrite become discontinuous so that δ-ferrite contents decrease. The smallest content of δ-ferrite (5.5%) occurred using the eccentric circulating vibrator. The diffraction intensities decreased and the FWHM widened with both vibration and no vibration. A residual stress can obviously be increased, producing an excellent effect on stress relief at a resonant frequency. The stress relief effect with an eccentric circulating vibrator was better than that obtained using a magnetic telescopic vibrator.
Highlights
Heat treatment is currently a primary method used for the relief of residual stress; its principle is to heat a sample to a suitable temperature and hold it there for a set time
The vibration modes can be divided according to the use of an eccentric circulating vibrator, a magnetic telescopic vibrator, a pneumatic vibrator, and a supersonic vibrator
The results indicate that the primary phase included the δ-ferrite and the γ-austenite in the 304 stainless steel
Summary
Heat treatment is currently a primary method used for the relief of residual stress; its principle is to heat a sample to a suitable temperature and hold it there for a set time. Heat treatment has some limitations, for example, the formation of oxide film, deformation in materials, strength degradation, and the amount of time needed to apply the heat treatment. Simultaneous vibration welding is a new technique used to relieve residual stress in many steels. This technique can be used to decrease both residual stress and deformation as well as to increase the strength of materials. The benefits of this process include saving energy, no pollution, low cost, high efficiency, and ease of operation [3]. The vibration modes can be divided according to the use of an eccentric circulating vibrator, a magnetic telescopic vibrator, a pneumatic vibrator, and a supersonic vibrator
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