Abstract
Two Ti-based composites, viz. Ti/TiB and Ti-15Mo/TiB were produced by spark plasma sintering using a Ti-10wt.%TiB2 powder mixture at 1000°C or Ti-14.25(wt.)%Mo-5(wt.)%TiB2 powder mixture at 1400°C, respectively. Specimens of the metal-matrix composites (MMCs) were subjected to uniaxial compression in the temperature range from 500 to 1050°С to determine processing window. Processing maps for both MMCs were constructed and analyzed. Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of both MMCs during multiaxial forging (MAF) at 700°C and at a strain rate 10-3 s-1 were studied. The flow stress for the Ti-15Mo/TiB MMC during MAF was ∼2 times higher than that for the Ti/TiB composite. Microstructure evolution during MAF of Ti/TiB MMC was associated with continuous dynamic recrystallization of the titanium matrix and shortening of TiB whiskers by a factor of ~3. The Ti-15Mo/TiB composite microstructure after did not demonstrate the development of recrystallization.
Highlights
Due to attractive properties, titanium and titanium alloys have various industrial and bio-medical applications [1]
The TiB whiskers in the hcp (Fig. 1c) or bcc (Fig. 1f) Ti matrix can be seen in transmission electron microscope (TEM) images
The initial microstructure of the Ti/TiB and Ti-15Mo/TiB composites consisted of the TiB whiskers heterogeneously distributed within the hcp Ti or bcc Ti matrix
Summary
Due to attractive properties (low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility), titanium and titanium alloys have various industrial and bio-medical applications [1]. The use of titanium and titanium alloys is often limited due to insufficiently high absolute strength, hardness and wear resistance. Hardening of titanium can be achieved by creating titanium-matrix composite materials reinforced with hard compounds like TiB, TiC or TiN [2, 3]. Among these reinforcements TiB is preferable because of high stability at elevated temperatures, close to titanium density and thermal expansion coefficient, as well as good crystallographic interfaces with a titanium matrix [3]. SPS allows synthesis at relatively low temperature and for a short time that ensures high performance of the method and does not lead to a significant coarsening of structural elements thereby allowing obtaining nanostructure in the composite of a good density [4]
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