Abstract
Background:Stigma and discrimination have been associated with different diseases and pandemics, with negative consequences for the people who suffered them and for their communities. Currently, COVID-19 has become a new source of stigmatization.Aims:The aim of the present study is to analyze longitudinally the evolution of intersectional perceived discrimination and internalized stigma among the general population of Spain, at three points in time throughout the confinement.Method:Participants completed an online survey.Results:Results show an increase in both variables from the first to the second evaluation, and a slight decrease from the second to the third evaluation. Moreover, these changes are explained by depression, anxiety and family support.Conclusions:These findings indicate the factors that need to be considered to reduce the perception of discrimination and the internalization of stigma, and their detrimental consequences, during an especially stressful event such as the current pandemic outbreak.
Highlights
The outbreak of COVID-19 has promoted the application of unprecedented measures in many countries
Longitudinal changes on intersectional discrimination and internalized stigma As shown in Figure 1, from the first to the second evaluation, results show a significant increment in intersectional discrimination (Z(T0-T1) = 15.02, p < .001) and internalized stigma (Z(T0-T1) = 16.27, p < .001)
There is a small decrease in internalized stigma (Z(T1-T2) = 2.36, p = .047) between the second and third evaluation, while the difference in intersectional discrimination is not significant (Z(T1-T2) = 0.34, p = .936)
Summary
The outbreak of COVID-19 has promoted the application of unprecedented measures in many countries. In relation with the evolution of the situation in Spain, the state of emergency was declared on March 14 and drastic isolation measures were applied to all citizens. Aims: The aim of the present study is to analyze longitudinally the evolution of intersectional perceived discrimination and internalized stigma among the general population of Spain, at three points in time throughout the confinement. Results: Results show an increase in both variables from the first to the second evaluation, and a slight decrease from the second to the third evaluation These changes are explained by depression, anxiety and family support. Conclusions: These findings indicate the factors that need to be considered to reduce the perception of discrimination and the internalization of stigma, and their detrimental consequences, during an especially stressful event such as the current pandemic outbreak
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