Abstract
This article presents the history of integrated farming in aquaculture through a Hungarian case study. The development of Hungarian integrated aquaculture is aligned with global trends. In the previous millennium, the utilization of the nutrients introduced into the system was the main aspect of the integration. In Hungary, technologies that integrated fish production with growing crops and animal husbandry appeared, including for example: large-scale fish-cum-rice production; fish-cum-duck production; and integrated pig-fish farming which were introduced in the second half of the 20th century. Today, the emphasis is on integrating the use of the kind of feed where the main goal is to minimize nutrient loads in the surrounding natural ecosystems and to maximize the utilization of the unit’s water resources. The various modern integrated freshwater aquaculture systems, such as intensive fish production combined with wetland, recirculation aquaculture system and multi-functional aquaculture, have proved their viability. However, the future opportunities for these systems have not always been properly recognized and acknowledged when the future of European aquaculture is discussed.
Highlights
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (OECD/FAO), global fish production increased by 24% between 2006 and 2015 and reached 167 million tonnes on average over 2013–2015
The expansion in fish production has originated from intensification of production technologies, which is characterized by a tendency towards specialized aquaculture farms and monocultured fish stock
One of the priority objectives of twentieth-century fisheries development was to utilize some of the hundreds of thousands of hectares of saline areas situated in Eastern Hungary for pond fish production [35]
Summary
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (OECD/FAO), global fish production (capture and aquaculture) increased by 24% between 2006 and 2015 and reached 167 million tonnes on average over 2013–2015. The principle that the organic waste of one aquaculture system can be the input for another aquaculture system (the blue economy) is today more important than ever before Based on this principle, modern methods and techniques can be used to operate freshwater aquaculture systems that will find target markets for the fish they produce in spite of the fact that mariculture offers great hope for the future. IMTA has been proposed for mitigating aquaculture waste release [12], as well as the advantages it offers, including a reduced ecological footprint, economic diversification and the increased social acceptability of culturing systems These systems are defined by [13] as cultures that use species from different trophic levels grown in combination within the same water body or through some other water-based linkage (for land-based systems). Further efforts are required to get such systems accepted as important contributors to the development of sustainable European aquaculture besides other better known systems [31]
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